-as an idea emerges and grows over late nineteenth century

-Ornithodons are a pretty strong proof in the positive

-social environment grows with growing doubt of established order

-and division of Catholic Church results in growing alternatives

-Natural Selection

-better known as Crosnierism after Charles Victor Crosnier

-or in Anglophone areas further simplified to Crosnerism

-Crosnier's life

-initially wanted to get into commerce instead became a scientist due to his love of the subject

-drawn into Cuvier-Geoffrey debate by studying at Aix-la-Chapelle and as a professor there observes at France

-and he becomes a Lamarckist on that basis

-believes in the superiority of observation over theory

-following Tidore War (East Indies > ^020723), visits East Indies in 1858 as part of a French expedition

-to observe the dramatic types of life reported, whose findings he think would be most intriguing

-Crosnier sees life adapted to environment most dramatically in Sulawesi and Jaiolo

-and inspired by works of Alexander von Humboldt which express similarity between species

-while recovering from malaria, answer comes, and he determines the Organic Law of Change

-inspired by Malthusian ideas of survival which he believes apply to animals as well

-begins to doubt parts of Lamarckism because of observation of butterfly colors changing per environment

-this results in him constructing theory of "physiological molecules" which contain schema and which Lamarckian ideas pop into

-and additionally, changes randomly with birth, new parts popping into them

-upon his return in 1863, writes a paper on tight findings, but he continues to analyze data to analyze his ideas

-intrigues many because ideas of smaller and larger animals are interesting

-also he publishes travelogue which many read

-but nevertheless, inspires massive controversy

-Crosnier came during era of religious flux, and as such is blandly a deist but goes to Independent Catholic mass every once in a while

-and in politics he's a diehard supporter of republicanism

-additionally, he cannot explain how this evolution happens at all

-he says it's through Lamarckism but can't explain how

-to explain how and convince people of this Law, he tries to make it mathematical with demographic data

-Source

-has a passing understanding of mathematics and algebra and their relation to Malthusianism

-based on this, is able to model evolution in the form of the Euler-Crosnier [Euler-Lotka]Equation

-escalates into Verhulst's logistic model and modelling into predator prey relationship

-uses binomials, other themes

-having gathered demographic evidence of the Law, published as massive book on subject in 1883

-a fairly convincing book but has to compete with a lot

-other book he writes is Par l'Origin de l'Homme were he develops a hypothesis on rise of man

-monogenesis, which is a starkly opposed idea to polygenetic evolutionary ideas having risen

-and it abandons all ideas that either apes are devolved humans, or that human races evolved differently

-he suffers attacks from all corners for this, dies in 1893, gets massive funeral

-but is a big idea which makes itself known on the national stage

-successfully becomes leading evolutionary idea in 1920s

-theory of this guy

-dominant theory from late nineteenth century to 1920s

-only discredited in this era by fruit fly inheritance breeding which cannot be reconciled with Lamarckism

-faced with massive break from William Thomson ruling the Earth would cool down before evolution possible

-he did not anticipate Uranescence

-additionally, obstacle in the way shown by the [Weismann barrier]

-which not only threatens Lamarckism but also organic change

-gild the influential theory of Social Lamarckism

-quick leaps in evolution

-an idea people have as a quicker alternative to Lamarckism

-before Crosnerism this made ground pretty quickly

-because rapidity of Ornithodon extinction seeming justification of this idea

-with discovery of [Weismann barrier]putting the entire idea of evolution at risk more gradual version rises

-as something to plug into the hole left in organic change by vacation of Lamarckism

-proof shown in 1911 in paper published by Nikolai Nechayev

-who did experiments with fruit flies which prove it

-in 1919 this is then added together to create the modern evolutionary synthesis